Essential command binaries that need to be available in single user mode, e.g. cat, ls, cp
3
/boot/
knerels, initrd
4
/dev/
essential devices like hard drives and printers, also /dev/null lives here
5
/etc/
Host-specific system-wide configuration files (the name comes from et cetera). /etc/init.d/ contains services for starting and stopping mysql and apache.
6
/home/
users' home directories
7
/var/log
log files
8
/var/run/
Information about the running system since last boot, e.g., currently logged-in users and running daemons.