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Cerium(Ce) | Dysprosium(Dy) | Erbium(Er) | Europium(Eu) | Gadolinium(Gd) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atomic weight | 140.12 | 162.5 | 167.26 | 151.96 | 157.25 |
| Atomic volume | 20.67 (cm3/mol) | 19. (cm3/mol) | 18.4 (cm3/mol) | 28.9 (cm3/mol) | 19.9 (cm3/mol) |
| discovered | 11/30/1802 | 11/30/1885 | 11/30/1842 | 11/30/1900 | 11/30/1879 |
| state (s, l, g) | s | s | s | s | s |
| melting point | 1,071.2 (K) | 1,682.2 (K) | 1,795.2 (K) | 1,095.2 (K) | 1,584.2 (K) |
| boiling point | 3,743 (K) | 2,873 (K) | 3,173 (K) | 1,712 (K) | 3,273 (K) |
| electronegativity | 1.12 | 1.2 | 1.24 | 1.12 | 1.17 |
| electron affinity | 50 (kJ/mole) | 50 (kJ/mole) | 50 (kJ/mole) | 50 (kJ/mole) | 50 (kJ/mole) |
| Shells | 2,8,18,20,8,2 | 2,8,18,28,8,2 | 2,8,18,30,8,2 | 2,8,18,25,8,2 | 2,8,18,25,9,2 |
| electron configuration | [Xe] 4f2 6s2 | [Xe] 4f10 6s2 | [Xe] 4f12 6s2 | [Xe] 4f7 6s2 | [Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2 |
| structure | fcc: face-centered cubic | hcp: hexagonal close pkd | hcp: hexagonal close pkd | bcc: body-centered cubic | hcp: hexagonal close pkd |
| uses | self-cleaning ovens(CeO2) | alloys, CD disk | alloys, photogr. filter | alloys, color TV phosphor | alloys, CD disk |
| characteristics | malleable | neutron absorber | ... | hard | ... |
| reaction with air | vigorous, w/ht =>CeO2 | vigorous, =>Dy2O3 | vigorous, =>Er2O3 | vigorous, =>Eu2O3 | vigorous, =>Gd2O3 |
| number of isotopes | 4 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 7 |
| hydride(s) | CeH2 CeH3 | DyH2 DyH3 | ErH2 ErH3 | EuH2 | GdH2 GdH3 |
| oxide(s) | Ce2O3 CeO2 | Dy2O3 | Er2O3 | Eu2O3 | Gd2O3 |
| chloride(s) | CeCl3 | DyCl2 DyCl3 | ErCl3 | EuCl2 EuCl3 | GdCl3 |
| image |  |  |  |  |  |
| thermal conductivity | 11.3 J/m-sec-deg | 10.7 J/m-sec-deg | 14.5 J/m-sec-deg | 13.9 J/m-sec-deg | 10.5 J/m-sec-deg |
| electrical conductivity | 13.333 1/mohm-cm | 10 1/mohm-cm | 14.1 1/mohm-cm | 11 1/mohm-cm | 7.9 1/mohm-cm |
| polarizability | 29.6 (A^3) | 24.5 (A^3) | 22.7 (A^3) | 27.7 (A^3) | 23.5 (A^3) |
| source | Monazite(phosphate),bastnaesite | Monazite(phosphate),bastnaesite | Monazite(phosphate),bastnaesite | Monazite(phosphate),bastnaesite | Monazite(phosphate),bastnaesite |
| abundance earth's crust | 1.8 (log) | .5 (log) | .4 (log) | .1 (log) | .7 (log) |
| cost, pure | 57 $/100g | 210 $/100g | 270 $/100g | 3600 $/100g | 191 $/100g |
| cost, bulk | $/100g | $/100g | $/100g | $/100g | $/100g |
| rel. abund. solar system | 0 | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) |
| Density @ 293 K | 6 (6) | 8 (8) | 9 (9) | 5 (5) | 7 (7) |
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